In Iran's military protocol, homosexuality is defined as a type of mental abnormality, and more specifics are . "Iran Cuts Military Service Term." Charles Recknagel. "Iran and Israel: Comparing Military Machines." "M" means multiple times. The governments 2019/20 budget initially excluded the option for citizens to buy their way out of the draft. They were tasked with randomly picking conscripts. Q-2 (principal) and Q-3 (dependent) visa categories are in existence as a result of the 'Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998'. In December 2013, media sources reported that, according to General Kamali, due to a shortage of personnel, Iran may increase the length of military service to 24 months (BBC 26 Dec. 2013; Al-Monitor 19 Dec. 2013). These marriages are performed by ecclesiastical authorities and are not registered with the government. This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. Its unclear yet whether a US decision to lift the FTO designation of the IRGC will erase the stigma of having served in the organization as far as US immigration is concerned (separate financial sanctions on the IRGC will remain). It was commented that young dissatisfied individuals could be perceived as a potential source of unrest by the authorities. Embassy in the Hague. Mexican nationals are not visa-exempt. The first compulsory military service bill was passed ninety-six years ago, during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. Derivative H-4, L-2, O-3, and P-4 visas, issued to accompanying or following-to-join spouses and children, may not exceed the validity of the visa issued to the principal alien. Comments:Available but unreliable. Arash Karami. Furthermore, most conscripts, especially those with no higher education, end up doing manual jobs, such as cleaning, cooking, or construction or, if they are lucky and have connections, driving for a senior officer. : 2298500101 Surname : MOHAMMAD Name : NIKNAM Father's Name : Ali Birth Certificate No. 30 June 2013. Those who avoid call-up for military service are considered deserters. Alternate Documents:Divorces are recorded in the older version of birth certificates (shenasnameh), but duplicate birth certificates may not include this information. They must report at a specific date to the headquarters of the Law Enforcement Department of the drafta unit of the Iranian policewhich is in charge of paperwork and summoning draftees for service. Visa Classification: The type of nonimmigrant visa you are applying for. 2023 Atlantic Council 2014], _____. Iranian males 18 to 49 years of age are legally eligible for conscription, for an active service term of 18 months followed by voluntary reserve service. The validity of CW-1 and CW-2 visas shall not exceed the maximum initial period of admission allowed by DHS (12 months) or the duration of the transition period ending December 31, 2014, whichever is shortest. [Accessed 14 Mar. You accept the use of cookies as per our, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, Adrienne Arsht Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, Rafik Hariri Center & Middle East programs, A history of continuity in Irans long nuclear program, An escalating Israel-Iran conflict could sink the JCPOA, How Iranian Phantoms pulled off one of the most daring airstrikes in recent memory, Policy on donor acceptance and disclosure. Public Relations: (+9821)66709666 According to Al-Monitor, men who refuse military service and do not have an exemption are "ineligible" for government jobs and are furthermore "not hired for high-paying jobs" (19 Dec. 2014). Fee: The reciprocity fee, also known as the visa issuance fee, you must pay. Danish Refugee Council, LANDINFO, Danish Immigration Service. This regulation was expected to be in effect up to 04/11/1390 [24 January 2012. And this does not mean that persons who would obviously qualify as conscientious objectors do not exist. Since a temporary marriage would not be valid for immigration purposes, the applicant should be processed for visa purposes as though unmarried. Procedure for Obtaining: There is no procedure for obtaining. [Accessed 25 Mar. 6 January 2010. Lawyers, for example, may work as the equivalent of a US military judge advocate general, investigating crimes committed by service members. By Validity Period: This generally means the visa is valid, or can be used, from the date it is issued until the date it expires, for travel with that visa. The IHRDC says that "physicians charged with administering these evaluations likely recommended that these individuals seek exemption on the basis of transsexuality, not homosexuality, because of the Iranian government's more lenient attitude towards the former in contrast to the latter" (7 Nov. 2013). "Denied Identity: Human Rights Abuses Against Iran's LGBT Community." According to estimates, this force, mainly composed of youths, could expand to as many as 1 million members in the event of a national emergency. 9 November to 20 November 2012 and 8 January to 9 January 2013. [Accessed 20 Mar. The paper has watermarks, high printing quality and the photograph for individuals over age 15 is printed directly on the document (whereas the old version has a photo affixed and stamped on the main biodata page). There's no guarantee she will issue you a visa even if you're able to do so. In the United States, enlistments for the Union Army totalled 2,672,341 [2,489,836 white, 178,975 African American, and 3,530 Native American troops], while estimates of enlistment strength for the Confederate Army ranges from 750,000 to 1,227,890. Procedure for Obtaining: For children receiving their first birth certificate, one of the parents or a paternal grandparent must be present and produce a report of the childs birth from the hospital, along with the parents birth certificates. This is not a UNHCR publication. Further information about payment in lieu of compulsory military service could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. Temporary marriages (sigheh or ezdevaj-e movaghat) are religious marriages that are entered into for a specific period of time. By However, unlike members of al-Qaeda or the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)whose members are presumably committed to the groups ideologies, aims, and terrorist methodsmost members of the IRGC are conscripts and had no choice about which military branch they would join to fulfill their required military service. . #ga-ad {display: none;} Al-Monitor reports that in December 2013, General Kamali indicated that Iran is "reviewing its policy of offering a reduction in service time for those who are married" (19 Dec. 2013). Money: Non-Iranian credit cards and bank cards cannot be used in Iran. Sina Azodiis a nonresident fellow at the Atlantic Council and a visiting scholar at the George Washington Universitys Institute for Middle East Studies. Sources report that when an exemption is obtained, the person is issued a military exemption card, which lists the reason for the exemption (Human Rights Watch Dec. 2010, 26; BBC 6 Jan. 2010; IHRDC 7 Nov. 2013). If you wish to remain on travel.state.gov, click the "cancel" message. The second is a one-page document issued by the Department of National Registration and Statistics stating that the couple appeared before one of its officials and provided an oath stating that they are a married couple. "Buying Out of Military Service." For example, those who are accepted to universities are exempted while at school but are required to sign up after they graduate. New military ID cards list the subsection of the law dictating their exemption on their ID cards, which identifies them as gay or transgender and puts them at risk of physical danger and general discrimination. 2014], British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Further and corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. According to the IHRDC, Article 33, paragraph 8 of the regulatory code that governs medical exemptions from military service notes that "'moral and sexual deviancy, such as transsexuality'" is considered to be grounds for a medical exemption (19 June 2013). However, we wont consider the plan if the government makes a strong case against it.. December 2010. "Programme Summary of Iranian TV News 1630gmt 4 May 2013." Issuing Authority:Iranian Public Conscription Organization (since 1980), under the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran (NAJA); Imperial Armed Forces (before 1980). Except as noted below, the number of entries, fees and validity for non-Canadian or non-Mexican family members of a TN status holder seeking TD visas should be based on the reciprocity schedule of the TN principal alien. Those living outside of Iran may apply for the card by submitting a special form to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Iran May Cut Mandatory Military Service." With respect to educational exemptions, Chapter 4, Article 33 states that, This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. _____. If lost then the applicant should apply for a duplicate shenasnameh. (Iran n.d.b). If the original booklet is lost, a handwritten transcript from the registry office may be acceptable (Roonevesht).. Thousands of Iranians attend a funeral for 150 Iran-Iraq war (1980-88) unknown Martyrs that have found by the Iranian Martyrs investigation group in the war main field 34-years after a ceasefire between Iran and Iraq in 1988. See 'NOTE' under Canadian reciprocity schedule regarding applicants of Iranian, Iraqi or Libyan nationality. military service of the penalties likely to be faced if the person refuses to undertake, evades, or deserts from, military service 1.2 Points to note 1.2.1 Military service is compulsory for all males aged between 18 and 49 although there are some grounds for exemption (see Eligibility). Example: John Doe is a national of the country of Z that has an E-1/E-2 treaty with the U.S. His wife and child are nationals of the country of Y which has no treaty with the U.S. Al-Monitor reports that in December 2013, General Kamali stated that "[b]ecause of its discriminatory nature, paying off military service was never desired by the armed forces, and that option has been closed" (19 Dec. 2013). In addition to marriages and divorces having their own documentation, the information should also be recorded in both parties' shenasnameh (birth certificate) documents. Effective February 24, 2023, the Implementation of Additional Sanctions Against Russia and Belarus Under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and Refinements to Existing Controls rule (the "Russia/Belarus Rule") amends the EAR by:. Sources report on various non-health related circumstances that could lead to an exemption of military service, including: being the only son of the family (IHRDC 7 Nov. 2014). The birth certificate booklet and national identification card of the deceased (if available); The birth certificate of the deceaseds spouse (if applicable); and. The law, however, provides exemptions in certain circumstances. Few draft dodgers, if any, were sent to jail; the normal procedure was to fine them the equivalent of US$75 (1986 exchange rate). Iranian soldier with his commander (1950s) Conscription was first introduced by Reza Shah in June 1925 and approved as law by the National Consultative Assembly. Similarly, in a November 2013 article published by the Iran Human Rights Documentation Centre (IHRDC), a Connecticut-based independent non-profit organization composed of scholars and lawyers working to provide a "historical record" of human rights issues in Iran (IHRDC n.d.), military service "begins" at 18 (ibid. Alireza Fazeli Monfared, 20, was executed after they discovered a letter saying he had been exempted from the military service due to his sexuality, according to 6Rang. Allowing such people to travel to the United States can also be an effective tool to counter the propaganda of the Islamic Republic, which positions the US as the enemy of Iranians. 2014]. 30 June 2009. Draft evaders were subject to arrest, trial before a military court, and imprisonment for a maximum of two years after serving the required two years of active duty. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. Consequently, the U.S. Department of State no longer has a basis under U.S. law to issue E-1 or E-2 visas to principal applicants who are nationals of Iran. "About." Iran's 1986 population of approximately 48.2 million (including approximately 2.6 million refugees) gave the armed forces a large pool from which to fill its manpower needs, despite the existence . 2014], World-newspapers.com. Procedure for Obtaining:There is no procedure for obtaining. With the 1979 with drawal of foreign military and civilian advisers, particularly from the United States and Pakistan, the operation, maintenance, and logistical functioning of armed forces' equipment was hampered by a critical shortage of skilled manpower. Discrimination and Violence Against Sexual Minorities in Iran. Their dependents (spouse and children) accompanying or following to join them may be admitted in the "trade dependent" or "TD" category whether or not they possess Canadian or Mexican nationality. 2014). Exemptions from compulsory military service are in case of: After the post-election political turmoil in the summer of 2009 it appeared as if the Iranian Government has eased the requirements to allow people to leave the country in the sense that a young man wishing to leave the country before having completed his military service is able to deposit a bond of 12,000 USD and be allowed travel abroad for study. They, like less-educated conscripts, are often disciplined for minor infractions. If the parents marriage is not registered, both must be present to sign the document. Police records are not required for immigrant visa applicants because posts cannot verify them. Since the beginning of 1986, women had also been en couraged to receive military training, and women were actually serving in special Pasdaran units as of late 1987. This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee). The death certificate issued by the physician, hospital, or cemetery official; or the presence of two witnesses before the relevant civil registration office. There are reports that the Mandean/Ahwaz minority in the South-West of the country are forced to perform military service despite their pacifist religious beliefs and are consequently fleeing the country in large numbers. N.d. The current list of eligible countries is available on USCIS's website for both H-2A and H-2B visas. N.d. "About Press TV." The IHRDC indicates that, "[i]n particular, gay men and transsexual persons who obtain military exemption due to their sexual orientation are at a significant disadvantage" because their cards for military exemption indicate the reason as "a psychological disorder" (IHRDC 7 Nov. 2013). Further and corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. New Atlanticist is where top experts and policymakers at the Atlantic Council and beyond offer exclusive insight on the most pressing global challengesand the United States role in addressing them alongside its allies and partners. However, in reality, this interest predates the 1979 revolution and reflects a deep-seated desire for national prestige and development, as well as a need to deter regional rivals. Iran does not recognize the Bahai'i faith as a minority religion, thus the documentation of such marriages differs from Islamic marriages or marriages of other religious minorities. but she kept asking for it ! (for almost 10 years) During the interview I was asked about my military card or exemption and I explained that I do not have because I did not even serve in the military ! A member of the budget committee in the Iranian parliament, Mohammad-Reza Mirtajodini, said the plan only includes the absentees who are living abroad and at least five years have passed from their conscription due date. Now, one of the final issues in the Iran nuclear negotiations in Vienna to revive the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) has been the Iranian demand that the IRGC be taken off the US list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). Registration Criteria:A notary public (daftar-e asnad-e rasmi) registers divorces and marriages for Muslims and those who practice recognized minority religions (Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism). [Accessed 14 Mar. First, it separated homosexuality from transsexuality and no longer categorized transsexuality as a form of sexual perversion, and transsexuals were thus afforded the right to permanent military exemption. The undated website of the Iranian Embassy in The Hague states that. [Accessed 25 Mar. number of entries, and validity period for visas issued to applicants from this country*/area of authority. 7 Nov. 2013). Original Iranian Birth Certificate (Shenasname), and photocopies of all the pages of the Birth Certificate(This document must contain an ID photo for those above 15 years of age. However, because the Department anticipates that virtually all applicants for this special program will be either Irish or U.K. nationals, the Q-2 and Q-3 categories have been placed only in the reciprocity schedules for those two countries. Special Seal(s) / Color / Format:The card contains a full-face photo (left-aligned), and biodata (right-aligned), including the unique national ID number (different from shenasnameh number), given name, surname, date of birth (Persian calendar), fathers given name, and expiration date. According to Commander Kamali, the eight-year rule also applies to military deserters and university students who were exempt from the national service while in school but had quit their studies without informing the draft registration office. You can extend your status for free if you. New military ID cards list the subsection of the law dictating their exemption on their ID cards, which identifies them as gay or transgender and puts them at risk of physical danger and. Further and corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. The officers began pointing at disheveled young men, commanding the frightened recruits to go stand in various lines associated with the military. being the only son of the family. If your Validity Period is 60 months, your visa will be valid for 60 months from the date it is issued. The World Factbook. Those who due to handicaps or mental and/or physical illnesses are permanently unable to be drafted for mandatory service period. 2014], XE. According to the website of the Iranian Embassy in the UK, the only male child must be over the age of 18 and his father must be over the age of 60; being the sole caretaker of a parent, a minor or ill sibling or ill grandparents or, only children caring for parents; being a man who has demonstrated exceptional scholastic achievement; members of the Basij are exempt from military service, which is a possibility if they are active in the Basij for 5 years or more; those who work in industries vital to the government or military may also be exempt. These cards will include basic biographical information, such as name and date of birth. 2014). However the way it works is that you need a valid iranian passport (6 months or more left on the expiration) . Certified Copies Available:Certified copies are not available. According to the IHRDC, "in general males are expected to serve for a period of 20 months" and "[f]or service in impoverished areas, the duration can last 24 months while service in boundary areas can last 22 months" (7 Nov. 2013). 2- They must have lived at least 2 years in the foreign country. Iran's 1986 population of approximately 48.2 million (including approximately 2.6 million refugees) gave the armed forces a large pool from which to fill its manpower needs, despite the existence of rival irregular forces. [Accessed 25 Mar. Other Documents Available:No other documents available. During the Vietnam War (1964-1973) 8,744,000 served, but by the time conscription ended in 1973, only a quarter of elligible males were actually being conscripted. }, Page last modified: In the past, a consistent weakness of the armed forces had been the high illiteracy rate among conscripts and volunteers. However, unlike their government, which has hostile relations with the United States, many of these draftees yearn to pursue a better life in the US and fulfill their dreams. Compounding this dilemma, many conscripts came from those areas where Persian was not spoken. The duration of compulsory military service ranges from 18 to 24 months, depending on the geographical location of the conscript service. After the United States entered the World War, a large Army was needed immediately. Presently, military service lasts generally 18 months, but there are shorter terms for college graduates. Treatment of People Who Refuse Military Service. The IRGC is made up of about 190,000 active personnel at any given timethe majority of whom were conscripted. On Saturday, January 29, a spokesman for the Iranian parliament's Budget Committee for 2022-23 said members had agreed that exemptions from military service could again be sold to individuals at a cost of 250 to 600 million tomans (US$9,000 to $21,500). I have never served in Iranian military and I have no exemption card or military card and even no Iranian passport/ nationality anymore. have valid temporary resident status in Canada. There are limited exemptions available but the option to buy out of military service has been reintroduced for some people. 18 March 2014. ! Thus far, this regulation is expected to be in effect up to 04/11/1390 [24 January 2012 (Taghvim.com 28 Mar. (A Muhaarib is someone who takes up arms against the Islamic government). It could also have meant that conscription was not replacing war losses or retirements. "Iran's Basij: Membership in a Militant Islamist Organization." "Shamsi to Gregorian Converter." Moreover, all exemptions, except for physical disabilities, were only for five years. After the bitter experience of the Donald Trump administrations Muslim ban, subsequent withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal, and maximum pressure campaign, easing restrictions on the immigration of innocent Iranians, who had no choice about serving in the IRGC, could be a collateral benefit of restoring the JCPOA. The majority of the population, moreover, is under 25 years of age and thus has no personal memory of the Iranian Revolution. Image: Iranian army military personnel hold Iran flags while attending a funeral for the Iran-Iraq war (1980-88) unknown martyrs in downtown Tehran on January 6, 2022. [Accessed 20 Mar. In 2019, the US State Department designated the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organization, an unprecedented action against the military of a foreign state. [Accessed 28 Mar. 26 December 2013. Ben Piven. Aligning the text of the Luxury Goods Sanctions at EAR 746.10 with the . I am from Iranian descent and I left/ fled Iran about 10 years ago when I was around 20 years old. 2012)] is 15 (ibid. Human Rights Watch adds that gay and transgender Iranians who are exempted from military service "are not immune from harassment and abuse" and that doctors have reportedly pressured gay men seeking exemption to apply for exemption as transsexuals instead (Dec. 2010, 25). Q-2 and Q-3 visas are available only at the Embassy in Dublin and the Consulate General in Belfast. As of 2019, the Iranian armed forces number about 525,000 troops, of whom about 250,000 [mostly in the Army] were conscripts. 8. 19 June 2009. Email: un@sabteahval.ir, Document Name:Shenasnameh (Birth certificate or identity certificate), Issuing Authority:National Organization of Civil Registration. 2014], Denmark and Norway. "M" means multiple times. [Accessed 28 Mar. "Shamsi to Gregorian Converter." A copy of the military regulations governing medical exemptions in Iran could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. are an Iranian national with a valid Iranian passport, and. The validity of H-1 through H-3, O-1 and O-2, P-1 through P-3, and Q visas may not exceed the period of validity of the approved petition or the number of months shown, whichever is less. If the candidate gave any suggestive evidence of emotional instability, such as nervousness at the time of examination, sweaty hands, or expressed fears, he was usually rejected. No 184, Imam Khomeini Street, Tehran, Iran According to art. However, Al Jazeera indicates that the recruitment age is 19 (Al Jazeera 24 Apr. [Accessed 13 Mar. 19 June 2013. Under the pre-revolutionary law, temporary or permanent exemptions were provided for the physically disabled, hardship cases, convicted felons, students, and certain professions. According to the Iranian Islamic Public Military Service Act, these include educational exemptions, medical exemptions and guardianship exemptions. Since Canadian nationals generally are exempt from visa requirement, a Canadian "TN' or "TD" alien does not require a visa to enter the United States. The Committee on National Security and Foreign Policy will look into the governments reasons for excluding the proposal from its 2019/20 budget given the fact that the conscription buy-out was allowed in previous years., Dehghani explained: Barring any objections from the government, the Majlis will include the proposal in next years budget. Procedure for Obtaining: Marriage and divorce certificates can only be obtained by the current/former parties to the marriage. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request. The US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook indicates that the military branches in Iran in 2011 consisted of the, Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (Artesh): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force (IRIAF), Khatemolanbia Air Defense Headquarters; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Sepah-e Pasdaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami, IRGC): Ground Resistance Forces, Navy, Aerospace Force, Quds Force (special operations); Law Enforcement Forces. 28 March 2014a. Iran has a compulsory military service requirement for all Iranian men when they reach the age of 19. How to obtain an Iranian military exemption - Quora Answer (1 of 5): Iran doesn't recognize dual citizenship, so in addition to their less restricted usage of detention in methods that are not as common in most first would countries, there remains the possibility that one will be detained indefinitely and without charge for whatever reason. Certified Copies Available:Certified copies are available. : 2161 [Accessed on 27 Mar. The first compulsory military service bill was passed ninety-six years ago, during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. I would end up being picked by the IRIAF, but the process was arbitrary. 27 March 2014. This gain was also reflected in the regular armed forces. Nevertheless, most of these exemptions are only valid in peacetime and those carrying an exemption card are required to report for duty if there is wartime mobilization. Master and bachelor graduates will serve 8 and 6 months lesser respectively. On 30 June 2009, Press TV, Iran's first international news network that broadcasts in English (Press TV n.d.), reported that a bill, which was to be enforced in 2011, would reduce military service by 2 to 10 months for conscripts with university degrees (Press TV 30 June 2009). International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR). Comments: Available but unreliable. N.d. "About Us." (Iran n.d.a). According to two sources, the length of service depends on the geographical location of the conscript (IHRDC 7 Nov. 2013; BBC 26 Dec. 2013). Sina Azodi. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. According to a 7 July 2011 report by LANDINFO, Norway's Country of Origin Information Centre, religious minorities "are called in for military service on an equal basis with other Iranians, but are barred from making a military career" (Norway 7 July 2011, 6). 2012). Military card for Turkish applicants are not required. In the United States by the year 2018, obesity was among other shortcomings such as physical fitness deficiencies and lack of a high school diploma that disqualified about 70% of 17-to-24-year-olds from serving. When major global news breaks, the Atlantic Councils experts have you covereddelivering their sharpest rapid insight and forward-looking analysis direct to your inbox. This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee). The standard reciprocity fee and validity period for all non-Canadian "TD"s is no fee, issued for multiple entries for a period of 36 months, or for the duration of the principal alien's visa and/or authorized period of stay, whichever is less. Meanwhile, the new categorization still identifies both homosexuality and transsexuality as a form of mental disorder. You will not be able to access U.S. or foreign bank accounts using . The undated website of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in The Hague, states that. Irans interest in developing a nuclear deterrent is often attributed to the Islamic Republic. Number of Entries: The number of times you may seek entry into the United States with that visa. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
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