trailer << /Size 1253 /Info 1209 0 R /Root 1216 0 R /Prev 331028 /ID[<421cc0d9af76233486a43ba075a266a0><421cc0d9af76233486a43ba075a266a0>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 1216 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1212 0 R /Metadata 1210 0 R /Outlines 157 0 R /OpenAction [ 1217 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 1208 0 R /StructTreeRoot 1206 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20020325133406)>> >> /LastModified (D:20020325133406) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 1251 0 obj << /S 702 /O 971 /L 987 /C 1003 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1252 0 R >> stream This approach, used in both the Public and Private sectors is best described Implementation dependent ranges, minimum or maximum allowed sizes, etc. 2) Actions - related to things such as functions, processes,. Its use is called for where a structure or In contrast to the design approach, quotation request specifications must submit complete specifications with QUALIFIED PRODUCT LIST (QPL): A In fact, specification writing should begin very early on in a project lifecycle. Operational teams view quality in terms of conformance to specifications. One approach, adopted most famously by Ada, forbids any extensions whatsoever; each product must be a precise implementation of the complete specifications. This test suite has been used on a variety of XML processors, and results have been published on XML.com. Finally, the testing policy and procedure should identify and define the actions of the organization(s) responsible for conducting the tests, handling disputes, and issuing certificates (or brands) of validation. substantially equivalent to those named are considered for award, a. Equipment authorized under the SDoC procedure is not listed in a Commission database. Lets Start by looking at a Procurement functions relationship with Specifications. (b) Semiconductor devices and microcircuits not procured under a military specification shall be Conformance to specifications means to meet any requirements defined for the product, not only regulatory. determine equivalency. Values that may be different for different conforming implementations of the standard, The color model(s), if any, supported by the standard, Test tool (e.g., tool, suite, and/or reference implementation, Organization(s) to do testing, issue certificates of validation, and arbitrate disputes. The conformance clause is a part or collection of parts of a specification that defines the requirements, criteria, or conditions that shall be satisfied by an implementation in order to claim conformance. 0000006359 00000 n The performance (If the specifications don't describe the different approaches in the first place, then it's an implementer detail irrelevant to conformance.). negotiated pursuant to 41 u.s.c. Some standards have no official testing organizations. [1] Gartner Group, a Stamford, CT based consulting company, [2] ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996, Standardization and Related Activities General Vocabulary, Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices, Created September 8, 2010, Updated August 25, 2016, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP). Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, Examples of certifying organizations include consortia, trade associations, standards groups, or government agencies. Request for Proposals and purchase agreements commonly require conformance to these standards. The documentation should be detailed enough so that testing of a given implementation can be repeated with no change in test results. XML Test Suite is available from the NIST web site, http://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html. Ideally, it would be nice to prove beyond any doubt that an implementation is correct, consistent, and complete. Typically, level 1 is the basic core of the specifications that must be implemented by all products. It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. Identification of any third-party laboratory on whos testing the certificate depends: Provide the name, full mailing address, and telephone number of the third-party laboratory. Conformance testing (also called conformity assessment) is a way of verifying implementations of a specification to determine whether or not deviations from the specification exist. Conformance tests are meant to provide the users of conforming products some assurance or confidence that the product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or has an interface or format that is known. Once the item is delivered the specification can be used to compare the delivered item to what was ordered. developing your specifications, however, Procurement does not There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this. We are not lawyers. Other conformance related terms include validation and certification. Its use will not be permitted unless only one Falsification testing subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." Alternatively, the Java test suite can be downloaded and run locally. Also, what is the difference between conformance specification and performance specification? A good specification should do four things: (1) Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, (3) list reproducible test methods to be used in testing for compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable award at the lowest possible cost. Click here for Terms & Conditions. An XSL stylesheet is used to generate an XML Conformance Test Report, which includes background information on conformance testing for XML and information that is useful in determining that each test is traceable back to the Recommendation. My company Sofeast, can probably help you. Certificate of Conformity, According to the FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906), Sofeast: Quality Assurance In China Or Vietnam For Beginners [eBook], Assembly Fixtures: A Valuable Productivity and Quality Tool, Process Engineering: Limitations of Most Chinese Suppliers, 6 Tips To Combat Common Recurring Quality Issues From Your Supplier, ISTA Testing: Do It And Stop Worrying About Product Damage In Transit, How USA & Canada SME Importers Feel about China in early 2023, Description of the product covered in the CoC, List of all safety regulations the product must pass, The CoC must clearly list each of the safety regulations the product must be tested for, refer to related tests reports or certificates, Importer or manufacturers identification, Provide the name, full mailing address, and telephone number of the importer or domestic manufacturer certifying the product. ! Specifications can be attributed in two ways; 1) Attributes - related to things such as the part, component or raw material. Using this set of TAs, a set of tests that will exercise each of the requirements is developed. Chartered MCIPS. Falsification testing can only demonstrate non-conformance. 0000008556 00000 n It is well recognized that conformance testing is a way to ensure that "standard-based" products are implemented. By signing the DoC you takefull responsibilityfor your products compliance with the applicable EU law. Sample 1 Sample 2 What are the types of specification in procurement? When does a buyer ask the supplier for a CoC? The general definition for conformance has changed over time and been refined for specific standards. Is this a requirement that comes from a particular type of user? Note: it is still possible to see a CoC for importing into the EU here is an example onthis websitefor a medical device. Requirements Work that matches what was requested in requirements. The suite may be a set of programs, a set of instructions for manual action, or another appropriate alternative. Do you face challenges of getting required specifications while creating Tender/RFQ package? Performance responsibilities focus on strategy, value creation and resource utilization whereas conformance responsibilities focus on providing assurance to stakeholders that the organization . and others may require laboratory tests. met to be considered responsive. 1. What we wrote above is based only on our understanding of the regulatory requirements. a. Levels are nested subsets of the specifications. approval for the product offered before bid opening. Who does the testing? products are equal and this basis must be predicated upon legitimate but limited place in public purchasing. It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. by vendors to add products to the QPL. In 1991, ISO/IEC DIS 10641 defined conformance testing as "test to evaluate the adherence or non-adherence of a candidate implementation to a standard." Official websites use .gov Substitutions or alterations will not be permitted without Company's written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. specifications must explain in detail the results Or even types of specifications when contracting, Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service. items regularly available in the market place, as is Generally, there are two main types of specification, conformance and performance Conformance specification; In this case the buyer details exactly what the product must have, as in what they want the product to be like!. MIL-PRF- 19500 (Semiconductors), or MIL-PRF-38535 (Microcircuits)] referenced in the contract. At the end of the 1-year period, the implementer would have to correct the errors to renew the certificate. 1.2 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide proof of conformance with any or all requirements of this specification. What are the purpose of specification in procurement? https://www.nist.gov/itl/ssd/information-systems-group/what-thing-called-conformance. Equipment that only contains digital circuitry (does not contain a radio transmitter) such as computer peripherals, microwave ovens consumer ISM equipment, switching power supplies, LED light bulbs, radio receivers and TV interface devices are subject to approval using the SDoC procedure or may optionally use the certification procedure. It increases a buyer's confidence in a product and its ability to meet their needs. There is sometimes confusion between the two terms, however, in most cases, these two terms mean exactly the same thing and often comes down to the personal preference of the company that needs the certificate. compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable Reference method tests and PEMS drift tests are conducted to determine conformance of the PEMS with the specification. purpose intended. The test suite should be platform independent, and should generate repeatable results. For example, statements indicating that an implementation "shall," "should," or "may" implement a certain feature. A QPL is The main reason a CoC is required at customs is to prove a product that the product . A specification is often a type of technical standard. If bids could depart from the specification, the result would be the defeat of competition and a contract in which there was no competitive bidding. 9 0 obj A testing program cannot exist without a test tool or test suite, but a test tool/suite can exist without a testing program. purpose intended. It assumes responsibility for insuring that the components of the program are in place and becomes the centralized source for information about the program. Good thoughts Diaa..Performance specifications focuses on supplier partnership. The responsible party, who must be located in the United States, is not required to file an equipment authorization application with the Commission or a TCB. $*5QG)+cX3x 6 What makes a good specification in procurement? Depending on the type of specification (e.g., application programming interface (API), protocol, programming language, metafile), there are various methodologies that can be used in developing conformance test suites. The conformance clause may specify minimal requirements for certain functions and minimal requirements for implementation-dependent values. https://www.nist.gov/itl/ssd/information-systems-group/conformance-testing, Martha Gray, Alan Goldfine, Lynne Rosenthal, Lisa Carnahan National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certification is the acknowledgment that a validation has been completed and the criteria established by the certifying organization for issuing a certificate, has been met. This early stage work also provides an understanding of the performance requirements of the project, so that when discussions develop on complexes, entities, space, locations, elements, systems and products, these form part of the build-up of a specification. What is the definition of quality of conformance? 0000009274 00000 n It is generally inspected during customs clearance if the product being imported requires it. Please tell me by leaving a comment. need. It's easy to subscribe to our newsletter where you'll receive weekly updates for professional importers and manufacturers on better understanding, controlling, and improving manufacturing & supply chain in China, India, Vietnam, and beyond. Depending on the nature of the electronic device being imported, you will either need to go through a more comprehensive FCC certification or can submit your own Suppliers Declaration of Conformity. Lets look at the difference between the two: For RF Devices with the greatest potential to cause harmful interference to radio services like smartphones, Bluetooth speakers, earbuds, etc, that emit radiation a self-declaration is not acceptable to comply with FCC regulations and they must be certified by an FCC-recognized Telecommunication Certification Body (TCB) based on an evaluation of the supporting documentation and test data submitted by the responsible party (e.g., the manufacturer or importer) to the TCB. 7. An official website of the United States government. requirements. required, testing methods, and characteristics that the There must be sufficient basis to determine that these characteristics of the item desired. These assertions are statements of functionality or behavior derived from the standard, and which are true for conforming implementations. Level 2 includes all of level 1 and also additional functionality. And just as important, why is this important? Acceptance/rejection of such item needed will be according to the performance stated in the specification With performance specs, it will take more time for the procurement process as you may get totally different proposals and you need to discuss and validate them internally; however it opens the door for innovation as suppliers are free to suggest any workable solution which may improve functionality, cost & to be more sustainable option it's very suitable in case requesting department is not very well established so that you will be depending on suppliers' experience. Environment working temperature is between 15C 40C. specification is to provide a basis for obtaining a good or The other group call for ready-made, off-the-shelf commercial Typically, a design conforms to requirements and work products conform to both design and requirements. There are many organizations, including private sector companies, standards group, consortia, and government agencies that develop conformance tests and/or tools. When there is enough time to assess the functionality of the product as proposed, Confirm Sign Up via the Email you provided, Get WEEKLY updates on Business, Finance & Legal aspects, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), CIPS L5M4 Advanced Contract and Financial Management, CIPS LEVEL 3 ADVANCED CERTIFICATE IN PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY OPERATIONS, Cips level 4 DIPLOMA IN PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY, Legal aspects in entrepreneurship (Mini EBook), Pricing arrangements in commercial agreements, Proposing solutions to customers problems, WELCOME TO THE ZERITE NETWORK TAX TRAINING PROGRAM, The efficacy of specifications does not depend on technical knowledge of the buyer, Supplier can use their creativity to develop the products. The steps that lead towards conformance to specifications include defining quality characteristics of service or product, deciding on how to measure every quality characteristic, setting quality standards for every quality characteristic, controlling quality against the set quality standards, finding and correcting . specification. all necessary drawings, dimensions, terms, and What should a certificate of conformity include? predicated on a written specification which includes certain 0000004999 00000 n Procurements primary role of taking a business requirement (specification) finding a supplier/suppliers , negotiating a deal and then ordering the item is all hinged on that first step! Official websites use .gov The alternative is falsification testing, which subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." SPP Regions Expert Workshop - Copenhagen June 15th 2016 Performance / Output Based Specifications (POBS) are the foundation for a purchasing approach commonly called Performance Based Contracting. In some cases, it has to be provided for EVERY part with its own serial number. of function and cost. Such an implementation provides a proof of concept of the standard and also provides a tool for the developers of the conformance test suite (by generating expected values, testing the test suite, etc.) DEVELOPING SPECIFICATIONS: Although Requisition 2 - A clear defined specification "I would like a knife and fork to eat my dinner with, They must be no more than 5 inches high and they must be made of metal. Conformance to Specifications. 4M%m8Kxq@D0P- E62e(S4O#?s3,!Ms%iTZa5 @!.MOzNRU!+9nI This board should be a body of impartial experts. both product and price competition requires that specifications Well explain what a CoC is, what its used for, and what it includes. Greater share of specification risk is borne by the supplier. Conformance Specification defines requirements when the buyer specifies what they want, how they want it, and the supplier has to meet these specifications. Conformance clause and specification wording. 0000005022 00000 n 1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and supply of bare overhead transmission line conductors. There are 2 main & simple types of specification, Sharing specification sheet that stats needed item details like (materials, dimension, tolerance, weight & others). 0000002465 00000 n For example, Apple maintains a page about EU compliance, and here is one of their DoCs. According to a study by the Gartner Group[1], the private sector spends over $2.2 trillion on information technology (IT) annually. In the marketplace, conformance test suites and consequently conformance testing provides a vehicle for exchanging information between buyer and seller. A specification details the requirements of the procurement. legitimate needs. What is specification? But what are specifications? 0000001477 00000 n It here unfortunatley all to often a stage where procurement are left out and not involved from the very begining stages. ^O{f 0jlrG11lgjcBR8LLQ4Ms7Irl;%oOA?CECpd@{m1MS]81W_4;O,Wmw@:5(h1f up/}u,2 Et8ALC%Z7 #fc[,:RC oA_"IFWS.fL' rx0!% ^r2;u,{0rd@Ty !A34AEnKZX+1 n/o A good conformance clause is the ultimate goal of these guidelines, and is sanctioned by conformance to this specification. broad groupings are more particular types, including: brand-name 2. Requisition 1 provides the buyer with much more scope and freedom (you didn't want chopsticks then?). At last the month and year should be shown and the city, state, and country needs to be shown. Software that is tested to ensure that it meets the requirements detailed in the specification can improve the quality of the software and the likelihood of achieving interoperability. What is the difference between conformance specification and performance specification? Developers/Customers often complain that Scope Creep occurred during a project. For any . Procurement professionals need to come out of cost only mindset when such contracts are being evaluated. j.h8 Determining whether a product faithfully implements a standard or specification is essential to creating robust, interoperable solutions. Conformance specs: Paper combination is: 3 layers carton (Layer1 is Kraft liner of 125GSM + Layer2 is Test/Recycled liner of 100GSM + Layer3 is Kraft liner of 125GSM) with mentioning Flute type . Barbara Shayan, M.A, Six Sigma Green Belt Certified. The other approach adopts the weaker overall requirement that, while extensions are allowed, an implementation must perform all the functionality in the specifications exactly as specified. brand-name specifications has the effect of limiting the bidding The CoC is sometimes called Certificate of Conformance or Certificate of Compliance. Here, you may receive totally different proposals which includes totally different solutions, however all of them may be accepted as they all will be achieving the required performance. The size of staff necessary to do ", Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices, Created September 8, 2010, Updated August 25, 2016, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), conformity - fulfillment of a product, process or service of specified requirements. 2. This is the official blog of Sofeast.com. ANSI/BIFMA standards are go-to references when evaluating the safety and durability of furniture products during the specification and procurement process. 20899 USA, Email: lisa.carnahan [at] nist.gov Tel: (301) 975-3362 FAX: (301) 948-6213, Prepared by Robin Cover for the The SGML/XML Web Page archive. For example, ideally it should be possible to fully test a product's conformance before sign-off and deployment. Moreover, each test should be written so as to explicitly state the behavior of a conforming implementation. Written by Lewis Hutson - Thank you for taking the time to read my first of hopefully (dependant on the first ones reception)many articles. Specifically, if buyers don't demand that a product be . and more interested in what a product does. Supplier Resources. described fully to include thickness, size, color, etc. Without a CoC, products may be impounded, confiscated, and in some case destroyed. These cast blades have to be x-ray checked to ensure no voids or cracks are evident. Purchasing will assist and advise you in All Goods provided by Contractor to Company shall conform to Company's applicable specifications, drawings, samples or other descriptions. Conformance Test Suites for XML Technologies. Validation is the process of testing software for compliance with applicable specifications or standards. Additional information about these test suites and the W3C Recommendations are available from: NIST http://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html, OASIS http://www.oasis-open.org/committees. this specification is used, tangible performance, quality These requirements are specified in a standard or specification as either part of a conformance clause or in the body of the specification. Buyer requires conformance to the Specification. Sharing what is the required performance of this item without stating item details like (what is the required output of certain machine, which product will be manufactured by this required item, what is the challenge that company is facing & others). (a) Special marking as required under the applicable Military Specification [e.g. The ECMAScript test suite contains over 800 tests and covers the fundamental, extended, and HTML interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation. Therefore, the list of assertions should be as comprehensive as possible. If the criteria or requirements for conformance are not specified, there can be no conformance testing. The decision to issue a certificate is based on the testing results and established criteria for issuing certificates. 0000009860 00000 n Certain countries request a CoC for certain categories of imported products. The overall purpose of a Often times, errors or ambiguities in the specification are discovered. Dr. W. Edwards Deming is often linked with approaches to improvement that carry labels such as TQM, Six Sigma, and Lean. situations when the use of this specification is our only this would be prohibitive. For NIST's participation in XML/DOM conformance testing, see "XML-Based Technologies. activity involved in developing specifications for items The conformance clause of a specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementations. To illustrate the characteristic of Completeness in Specifications consider my proposed user requirements for a new car. The supplier has to supply this, even though the supplier may not know what the product is for. This makes the purchasing process inefficient. defined in the bid invitation. 0000006382 00000 n HR{HSa?wf^MiIZ\B!bEjs:\EJ3SQ%I*Zo;:{w0?|kD (.~]g+%kBBbk3d,bs|+7ED{Z*fsfhZm$C'5F)_bhz^q{0R+}#mzG"SSjod-I3?|4iLsmm:#M)wwDs9$hqm,L11]&]Nowi:&J5"PL%.'zBp\J_wdXjh#}>ZuP3YW6. 0000008579 00000 n tests or other criteria for comparing, examining and approving Typically, the sponsor establishes and maintains the program. This blog is written by Renaud Anjoran, an ASQ Certified Quality Engineer who has been involved in chinese manufacturing since 2005. There are two main approaches to handling implementation specific extensions to a standard. However, the responsible party or any other party marketing the equipment must provide a test report and other information demonstrating compliance with the rules upon request by the Commission. It may also be called a certificate of conformance or certificate of conformity.. The conformance clause identifies what must conform and how conformance can be met. Elements that should typically be included in a CoC are: On the US CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) website, one can find several samples of CoCs. The work is accomplished under the auspices of OASIS Technical Subcommittees, with contributions from OASIS member companies and in close coordination with the appropriate W3C Working Groups. Thus, the tests when executed on the implementation under test will generate a pass/fail condition. criteria for the purpose of qualifying the bid document. definitions of non-standard terms. The problem here however is the chance that the person who raised the requisition may well change their mind or refine the specification as quotes begin to arrive. It is generally inspected during customs clearance if the product being imported requires it. Some clients have asked us what is a certificate of conformity over the years, and we wrote this article to answer that question. According to the FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906): Equipment that consists of only a radio transmitter (not a transceiver) such as remote control transmitters; land mobile radio transmitters and wireless medical telemetry transmitters are required to be approved using the certification procedure. 4. Several of the W3C Working Groups have developed conformance test suites or tools e.g., SVG, CSS, and HTML. 4) The car shall travel at speeds between 0 and 100 mph. DEFINITIONS 2.1 Centroidal Area. Ready to get your copy? specifications; performance specifications; and the Qualified Taking the time to think, write & challenge what your internal customer need is one of the most important keys to have efficient, smooth, transparent & successful procurement process. (IUT) is the object that is being tested for conformance. In essence this is less rigid than conformance specification. DOM Test Suite - NIST has developed a comprehensive set of tests that will check for compliance with the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Recommendation. This is usually in a conformance clause or conformance statement, but sometimes some of the criteria can be found in the body of the specification. A conformance testing program usually includes: A specification/standard that includes a conformance clause and a test tools are essential to defining and measuring conformance. There are two types of specifications, Design and Performance. A certificate of conformity, or CoC, is issued by an authorized party (sometimes the manufacturer, sometimes an independent laboratory) and states that the product meets the required standards or specification. specifications, and ensuring clarity of language with jargon or In essence, specifications are about communication and the exchange of information between the Customer, the designer, the contractor and all stakeholders in the project.
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