"Vaccine-Related Chronic Fatigue Syndrome In An Individual Demonstrating Aluminium Overload." It has been giving me so much anxiety, because nothing is working, so bad to where I had to go on Zoloft. The spokesperson also questioned whether fractionated dosing would add to risks faced by those with pre-existing conditions. Lucky duck! (2008, November 18). So, unsurprisingly, I was very keen to get my Covid-19 vaccination. We recruited participants via collaborator community organisations in Canada, Ireland, UK and USA. It is not intended as medical advice and should be used for informational purposes only. couldnt sort out. Vaccine protocols. 2020 May;70(Suppl 3)(5):S131-S135. This is to optimise vaccine protection. Not nice but Covid would be worse. We recruited adults who self-identified . I realise this sounds excessive, but it is truly how I felt. Have you experienced a severe reaction (lasting longer than a week) to the first or second dose of the Covid-19 vaccines? This button displays the currently selected search type. One cup of coffee later I was feeling quite tired, which was odd. Lancet. Glucocorticoid use was defined as concomitant systemic treatment at the time of administration of each COVID-19 vaccine on a dose that had been stable for at least a week. I am writing to ask if you could please take up the plight for people with ME who are developing long and severe reactions to the vaccines. Questions? University of Otago's Emeritus Professor Warren Tate says he is aware of serious reactions triggered by the Pfizer vaccine in several people who have the condition. Keywords: We were all vaccinated against Yellow Fever, and Malaria for holidays and did so without a second thought. Med Hypotheses. We might not be able to reply to all the emails we receive, but we do promise to read each and every one. Check out more of Nancy Klimass recommendations on whether or not to get vaccinated, and if you get vaccinated how best to prepare for that Klimas Coronavirus recommendations. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Having the second dose should obviously provide a further boost to immune system protection against the virus and possibly lengthen the time this protection lasts. Get the most in-depth information available on the latest ME/CFS and FM treatment and research findings by registering for Health Rising's free ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia blog here. 2023 Jan 13;10:1051378. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1051378. My husband drove me the 40 minutes to the vaccination centre just in case I felt wobbly afterwards (I really dont like needles!) 2022;386:20972111. Will Future Computers Run on Human Brain Cells? Hell, I could barely crawl up the stairs. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. -, Halperin S.A., Ye L., MacKinnon-Cameron D., Smith B., Cahn P.E., Ruiz-Palacios G.M., Ikram A., Lanas F., Lourdes Guerrero M., Muoz Navarro S.R., Sued O., Lioznov D.A., Dzutseva V., Parveen G., Zhu F., Leppan L., Langley J.M., Barreto L., Gou J., Zhu T. Final efficacy analysis, interim safety analysis, and immunogenicity of a single dose of recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus type 5 vector) in adults 18 years and older: an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. By Adrienne Dellwo One hundred million doses will be available over the next couple of months in the U.S. The disease is known to be associated with immune-system dysfunction, and possibly some features of autoimmunity (in which the body attacks itself.). Have about half of pre-vaccine energy. However, a small but significant minority, possibly around 10%, are experiencing a more significant relapse or exacerbation of their ME/CFS symptoms or are having more pronounced vaccine-related side-effects. Mast cell activation patients should also get their vaccine in a medical setting ( vs Walmart). The complete, Time to onset of uveitis relapse after COVID-19 vaccination. I say again, I am a healthy person. Eighteen percent reported recovering within a week, 53% (9 people) reported having moderate symptoms and 29% (5 people) reported having severe symptoms. Preliminary findings of a survey of ME/CFS sufferers and those with Long Covid, carried out by the Associated New Zealand ME Society (ANZMES), found nearly 20 percent of the 359 survey. My GP described it as Post Viral Fatigue. I feel the same, now I don't have the headaches. Acute uveitis following COVID-19 vaccination. Mean patient age was 53 years. For example, an Italian study from July found 55% of the hospitalized Covid-19 patients studied suffered at least three debilitating symptoms, two months after their apparent recovery from the. For some people, post-COVID conditions can last weeks, months, or years after COVID-19 illness and can sometimes result in disability. It happened again this week after the Energy Department confirmed that a classified report determined, with low confidence, that the virus escaped from a lab. (Its not at all clear that this is going to happen in the U.S. with its higher vaccination rates.) Symptoms . I-RECOVER-Post-Vaccine-Protocol - Read online for free. myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, Coronavirus may cause chronic fatigue syndrome, Fauci says, Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19, Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post-SARS syndrome; a case-controlled study, More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Post-discharge health status and symptoms in patients with severe COVID-19, Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery, Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR): Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems networkUnited States, Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease, Long term complications and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology. 2020 Jul;17(7):365-367. doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0331-y, Lyons D, Frampton M, Naqvi S, Donohoe D, Adams G, Glynn K. Fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic - should we prepare for a tsunami of post viral depression? She had developed leg, arm and hand swelling, 2 days after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Surprisingly, three months after the infection, those numbers held steady. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR): Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems networkUnited States. I cannot believe that after 21 years the only advice I have been given is to rest and pace it seems nothing has changed. Several medical recommendations for helping people recover from post-COVID-19 symptoms had surfaced by the end of the summer of 2020. Vice-president of ME Auckland, Kate Duder. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). The B.1.1.7 variant from the U.K. appears to be about 65% more deadly than prior forms of the virus. Effect of 2 inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on symptomatic COVID-19 infection in adults: a randomized clinical trial. Introduction Our aim was to describe episodic nature of disability among adults living with Long COVID. Preliminary findings of a survey of ME/CFS sufferers and those with Long Covid, carried out by the Associated New Zealand ME Society (ANZMES), found nearly 20 percent of the 359 survey participants had experienced a relapse, with worsened symptoms that had not returned to baseline, after taking the Pfizer vaccine. The MEA are happy to use GetResponse for our mailing list, Registered Charity Number 801279 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People with ME/CFS/FM reported that recovery from actually having the virus was often difficult. Adrienne Dellwo is an experienced journalist who was diagnosed with fibromyalgia and has written extensively on the topic. Studies are planned to identify whether some people with delayed recovery develop an ME/CFS-like illness.. Am I going to have it? An official website of the United States government. The only way to stop the virus completely is to develop herd immunity to it. From viral reactivations to persistent brain inflammation to immune abnormalities, dozens of findings on ME/CFS and its sister conditions are being repeated in long Covid. "They should be given exemptions at least to the point where they're not stigmatised by the fact that they haven't been vaccinated. Neurobiology of COVID-19. Copyright 2023 The ME Association. Scientists are one step closer to developing a vaccine for cervical cancer after trials in mice showed it reduced tumours 80 per cent of the time.. 5thMarch -17thAprilStill very tired. Second shot As expected, symptoms were more prominent after the second shot. I suspect it may not be wise to have the 2ndjab at the moment feeling like this. Russell Fleming, Content Manager, ME Association. I felt very slightly nauseous a couple of hours later, but nothing that a diet coke (my cure-all!) I think they've done a fantastic job. Tate says the physiology of sufferers is profoundly disrupted and at the core of their disease is a dysfunctional immune system, making inoculation with the vaccine potentially dangerous. Lancet. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Uveitis relapse was evidenced by worsening activity of intraocular inflammation (e.g. The result was a severe and ongoing immune response to elevated body stores of aluminium, which was initiated by a course of five aluminium adjuvant-based vaccinations within a short period of time. I am finding few resources online for PWME with adverse reactions. Two of the vaccines being used in the U.S.produced by Pfizer-BioNTech and Modernarequire two doses that are given several weeks apart. Would you like email updates of new search results? 2021;326:3545. The chance of having this occur after these vaccines is very low, 5 per million vaccinated persons in the UK study. Gradually I started to pick up and feel more like myself, but the first time I realised Id had a normal day was more than a month later. However, these symptoms are reported by patients 2-3 weeks after testing positive for COVID. Twelve percent reported it took up to two weeks, 9% reported it took up to a month, and 9% reported they were still experiencing them a month later (n=312). Brooks now leads the 'Immunity and Molecular studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-viral conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination' study, launched in October, looking at immune dysfunction and multi-system dysregulation that occurs following Sars-CoV-2 infection and comparing it to those with ME/CFS. Amongst the healthy population, side-effects can be more common and pronounced after a second dose because the immune system has been primed by the first dose to react against anything that it recognises as a potential Covid-19 infection i.e., a second dose of vaccine. Vaccine mandates for many now in force - but has the law got the right balance? 2020;37(4):295-300. doi:10.1017/ipm.2020.40. Viruses that have been studied thus far include: None has been found to be a universal trigger of ME/CFS, and infection doesnt appear to be active in most cases; however, its theorized that an acute infection may, in some people, trigger permanent changes to the immune system in a hit and run fashion. While the use of aluminium-based adjuvants may be safe, it is also possible that for a significant number of individuals they may represent a significant health risk, such as was found in this case. Available every day of the week between these times: 10am - 12noon2pm - 4pm7pm - 9pm. But this may be at the expense of having another exacerbation of symptoms. The next three days were very bad, with dizziness, disorientation, extreme fatigue, very cold with uncontrolled shaking interspersed with uncontrollable sweating. Several studies suggested that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination may lead to uveitis, a vision-threatening condition often associated with a variety of autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. I have gone back to how I was 20 years ago. Over the years, researchers have investigated multiple pathogens in relation to ME/CFS. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. While the initial symptoms were more severe, 70% reported they were over their side effects within a week. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Thirty-four percent reported having no or mild or symptoms, 43% called their symptoms moderate, and 23% called their symptoms severe (n=329). Histograms indicate the frequency of episodes of uveitis relapse after the administration of any dose of COVID-19 vaccine or after the administration of certain dose of COVID-19 vaccine, as indicated. If the pandemic leads to an increased incidence of ME/CFS or a similar illness, the personal and societal toll could be significant, potentially taking away careers, creating emotional and financial problems for individuals and their families, and straining healthcare and government resources. I'm surprised I reacted so badly. We can see from these polls that a small minority are affected. The nausea became overwhelming, I couldnt think straight, I couldnt face food and there was no way I could even consider going for a walk. COVID-19 vaccines can cause mild side effects after the first or second dose, including: Pain, redness or swelling where the shot was given Fever Fatigue Headache Muscle pain Chills Joint pain Nausea and vomiting Swollen lymph nodes Feeling unwell Most side effects go away in a few days. The latter was probably ongoing at the time when the vaccinations were administered and it is proposed that the cause of the CFS in this individual was a heightened immune response, initially to the aluminium in each of the adjuvants and thereafter spreading to other significant body stores of aluminium. David Harris's world has shrunk to the size of his front room. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The median age was 41 years (interquartile range, 30 to 51), and 57.3% were female. Age. Many are eventually diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis, also called chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a poorly understood condition that has no FDA-approved treatment and that often leaves people debilitated for life. Six percent of the respondents also reported they were a 9 or 10 on the functional capacity scale (FCS). The site is secure. If you get the virus, you run some risk of a very negative result being hospitalized, dying or a severe relapse. One early consensus statement describes COVID-19 as a multisystem disease requiring a multidisciplinary medical team for rehabilitation and full recovery., Types of rehabilitation may include physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language therapy, depending on the specific symptoms you have., According to the CDC, as many as 2.5 million people may be living with ME/CFS, most of them undiagnosed due to the poorly understood and controversial nature of the illness.. As with the Pfizer vaccine, the side effects from the second shot were more intense, but most people recovered as quickly from the second shot as they had from the first. Choose an option below, MAKING PURCHASES IN OUR SHOP Chronic fatigue syndrome may hold keys to understanding post-Covid syndrome. Side effects are common after COVID-19 vaccinations. He believes some of those with the disease shouldn't be expected to be vaccinated. Work took a back seat. Many more people reported experiencing more severe symptoms with the AstraZeneca vaccine (47% reported moderate symptoms and 31% reported severe symptoms). 2020 Jun 27;144:110055. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110055, Moldofsky H, Patcai J. My husband cooked dinner for two weeks straight and I pushed it around the plate before going straight to bed. I am writing this in bed and on day 19 of my own nightmare of a bad reaction to the AstraZeneca jab. Other prominent comorbid conditions included irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (36%), migraine (27%), spinal issues (15%), other (15%) and orthostatic intolerance (14%). Many more people reported experiencing more severe symptoms with the first shot of the AstraZeneca vaccine (47% reported moderate symptoms and 31% reported severe symptoms). Chronic fatigue syndrome linked to lower levels of some gut bacteria People with chronic fatigue syndrome have less of a kind of amzn_assoc_search_type = "search_widget"; doi:10.2196/19462. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081118141856.htm (accessed March 4, 2023). Now we know there is a small minority can you please help. Twenty-eight percent reported that, at best, they were unable to leave house except rarely, and were confined to bed most of the day (3 or less on the FCS). amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "patientrising-20"; Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Mutual Support. Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management, The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation, Considerations for postacute rehabilitation for survivors of COVID-19, Fatigue and malaise, sometimes described as crushing, Neuroinflammation and other brain/nervous system abnormalities. What seems likely is that all those over 50, and those in vulnerable clinical groups (i.e., JCVI group 4 and possibly group 6), will now be offered a booster dose in September or October, possibly combined with the annual flu vaccine that is due at the same time. Results: Uncertainty remains as to how much protection any individual will have and how long this immunity will last. 2020 Sep;17(9):1463-1471. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001, Barker-Davies RM, O'Sullivan O, Senaratne KPP, Baker P, Cranley M, et al. Conclusions: The present study observed the relapse of COVID-19 symptoms and viral load after an early nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. JMIR Public Health Surveill. Glucocorticoid Dose and Risk of Uveitis Relapse after COVID-19 Vaccination. The mixed-effects Cox regression model was used to account for the correlation of repeated measures on an individual, if necessary. ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and long COVID blogs here. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.55804. Within half an hour I was asleep on the sofa and didnt wake until my husband came home around 4.30pm. J Alzheimers Dis. A 71-year-old male with intermittent asthma developed a sore. However, I have now been left with severe ME symptoms again, with extreme fatigue, muscle and joint pain, confusion and brain fog, uncontrollable sweats, periods of extreme cold and shaking, aching/burning in legs etc and can do hardly anything, even trying to get a meal can cause me to hit the wall with fatigue so bad I am unable to function. Tomkins-Netzer O, Sar S, Barnett-Griness O, Friedman B, Shyriaieva H, Saliba W. Ophthalmology. The median time to relapse after vaccination was 5 days (interquartile range, 1 to 14). With almost 1,700 people taking the ME/CFS/FM Coronavirus side-effects poll, its a good time to take a look at this knotty question. To get you back to functional and feeling good, sooner is better than later. The team, led by Dr Chris Exley, of the Birchall Centre at Keele University in Staffordshire, UK, has found a possible mechanism whereby vaccination involving aluminium-containing adjuvants could trigger the cascade of immunological events that are associated with autoimmune conditions, including chronic fatigue syndrome and macrophagic myofasciitis. The question whether or not to get a coronavirus vaccine hinges on two issues: the risk of getting sick from the vaccine versus the risk of getting sick from the virus. 3 * Samples: 1. ME/CFS sufferers' symptoms include pain in organs and tissues, cognitive dysfunction, headaches, debilitating fatigue, and disturbances of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates functions like heart rate, blood pressure and sleep. Those worried about the second vaccination shot might want to try the first one and see how it goes as the first Pfizer vaccination shot is reportedly about. Usually confined to house. Please donate today so we can provide support and bring hope to people with ME/CFS The five most common symptoms are: Data from the COVID Symptom Study suggests that between 10% and 15% of people have had lengthy recovery periods, including some who had only mild cases. The vaccines dont stop people from getting infected. Often referred to as a "rebound" or "relapse" of COVID-19 after taking the standard five days of Paxlovid pills, experts say key questions need to be answered around why it happens, who is being . 2020 Jun 4;12(1):69. doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00640-3, Fotuhi M, Mian A, Meysami S, Raji CA. Its expected to reach 50% of U.S. cases over the next couple of weeks. Far-right U.S. news outlet The Epoch Times reported on March 6 that 966 people had died after having the Pfizer or Moderna COVID vaccines. I do not have ME/CFS, but as a teenager I contracted Glandular Fever and was pretty unwell for some time. I found Health Rising a few years ago, but I only started subscribing to receive it in my inbox in mid-2022. Extensive feedback to the ME Association indicates that most people are coping with the Covid-19 vaccines and most are experiencing nothing more than a short-lived period of the common side-effects that are known to occur with most other vaccines. CNN reported on July 9, 2020 that Anthony Fauci, MD, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), noted that post-COVID-19 symptoms can resemble those of ME/CFS. Small studies have suggested that people who previously had COVID-19 may get a strong immune response from only one dose of these vaccines. Seventy-plus percent of people trying the first shots of the three vaccines are over their symptoms within a week. Many had food and chemical sensitivities, and a quarter of sufferers were in the acute phase of their disease and therefore at high-risk of an adverse reaction, he added. The IHME predicts that if social distancing remains as it is, infection rates should steadily decline over time. It has installed a front end on the appointments system making it impossible to book online any longer, telephone calls are taking up to an hour to be answered, staff on the phone say they are untrained (without me asking them anything). I describe myself as a healthy person. If theyre able to easily fight it off, then getting the vaccine becomes less of a concern. The second Pfizer/Moderna vaccination shot is producing more severe symptoms. When your body is fighting off a viral infection like COVID-19, you may feel very tired and find it hard to focus. Alzheimers Res Ther. The AstraZeneca vaccine is a recombinant adenoviral vector vaccine. There is now emerging evidence from the MHRA in the UK and the CDC in the USA to indicate that side effects are less frequent and milder following the second dose of the Oxford AstaZenca vaccine and more frequent after the second dose of the Pfizer vaccine: At the moment we dont have enough information from people with ME/CFS who have had a second dose to say that this also the normal situation with ME/CFS, but there will always be individual variation. After reviewing electronic health records in the Maccabi Healthcare Services database, the researchers identified 702 GBS patients, 579 of whom had received one Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine dose; 539 had received both doses. Whether or not to get vaccinated is a difficult one for the many people in the chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) community, in particular, who have stayed away from any vaccines, sometimes for decades. CNN. All patients had evidence of radiological activity on MRI. Content on this website is for information only. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):16144. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8. -. When it reached 50% of cases in Italy, the virus exploded, and now half of Italy is in strict lockdown. PMC It's been two and a half months. doi:10.5455/JPMA.32, Morlacco A, Motterle G, Zattoni F. The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology. The patient had no medical nor family history. Most people are breezing through the first Pfizer/Moderna vaccination shots with about 2/3rds reporting mild or non-existent symptoms. After a fairly depressing year it seemed to me that the only way the world could become safe again was to ensure that the majority of the population be vaccinated against this truly terrible virus. About 200 people took the poll. Keele University. First we hear from Dr Charles Shepherd, Hon. The Brazilian and South African variant can re-infect people who already had the virus. For instance, previous coronavirus outbreaks have been inconsistent: a study on the coronavirus that caused MERS revealed that patients are unlikely to get re-infected within a short duration of the original infection; but, after the SARS outbreak, cases of relapse that were reported. Symptoms of CFS often mimic the flu. Its present in about half of the U.S. but in low numbers thus far. Instead, I lay on the sofa, alternately sleeping and crying for no reason. Keele University. A variant just popped up in France which is not detected by the standard PCR tests used to detect the coronavirus. It has been approved for use in 60 countries. long haulers may improve after getting vaccinated. Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, Deo R, Santangeli P, et al. But whereas Caroline did recover relatively quickly, the three with ME/CFS did not. She premedicates with mast cell stabilizers ( eg quercitin) antihistamine and NAC and suggests that people with mast cell activation syndrome may need low dose prednisone and a blood test to assure an adequate response. It was 86% effective in preventing serious illnesses. Nearly four months after she and her family caught the virus, and after needing hospital treatment twice, she still experiences a relapse roughly every two weeks where she is hit by. Can COVID-19 Cause Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? However, each person may experience symptoms differently. Unable to perform any strenuous tasks. Around 60% of the respondents reported having chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) or fibromyalgia, leaving 40% who did not report having either one a result that I have trouble understanding given that I would be surprised: a) if the poll reached outside the ME/CFS/FM communities and; b) given that I dont know why other people would want to participate, anyway. It stands to reason that because the vaccines boost the immune response, they might reduce the incidence of long COVID or the possibility of an ME/CFS relapse, but we dont know. It is highly unlikely that you will be offered a choice of vaccine that is just based on the fact that you have ME/CFS. The five most common symptoms are: 5 Fatigue (58%) Headache (44%) Attention disorder (27%) Hair loss (25%) Difficulty breathing (24%) While the course of vaccinations was cited by an industrial injuries tribunal as the cause of the CFS in the individual, it was not likely to be a cause of the elevated body burden of aluminium. We explain what you can expect from a relapse, the likely triggers, and how you can best manage any setback in your health. CFS commonly affects middle-aged people, but people of any age can get it. Many people with ME/CFS swore by rest and pacing, describing its effectiveness against an ME/CFS symptom called "post-exertional malaise" (PEM), which the CDC defines as "the worsening of. 2021;398:213222. PEM is a reaction in which mild physical or mental exertion triggers a ME/CFS symptom flare and leaves you unable to perform the same activity a day later. Epub 2022 May 25. The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is related to the one that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which has been linked to an ME/CFS-like illness. The most common side effects of vaccines include muscle pain, fatigue, headache, and fever. This poll is only for people who have ME/CFS and/or FM and who score 30 or below on the Bell Functionality Scale. I'm not anti-vaccine. Vaccine protocols. amzn_assoc_bg_color = "FFFFFF"; The information found on Health Rising is mostly put together by people with ME/CFS and/or FM. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Your risk of getting the virus in the U.S. should be steadily declining over time. The only way to completely stop the virus is to develop herd immunity which will require that 75-80% of the population to be vaccinated or have immunity to it. "It just doesn't match with what the Ministry [of Health] is trying to feed us at the moment - that there aren't vulnerable populations out there. Its clear that the sooner we get the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus back in the bottle as much as possible, the better for all of us. HIT assay using Accustar and Diamed have generally shown negative results and so cannot be relied upon. The latter are extremely effective immunogens in their own right and so improve the immune response to whichever antigen is administered in their presence.