. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. . The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. The invasion failed, however. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Save. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! King Philip of Spain sent an. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Become a Member | He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). migration? There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Roman Catholics . Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. Use your outline How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. From there we will look at the career . He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. 1558 -french threat. LS23 6AD 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. What were the causes of westward 2. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. LS23 6AD 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth I: a biography. Most people in . [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Company Reg no: 04489574. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. VAT reg no 816865400. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Spouse: None. Boston House, Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. . he could also overthrow her. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death.
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